Medical microbiology is the study of microorganisms that cause infectious diseases in humans. This field encompasses the identification, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases through the study of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Medical microbiologists often work in clinical laboratories, hospitals, and research institutions to investigate the causes of illnesses and develop treatments such as antibiotics and vaccines. They also play a crucial role in public health by monitoring and controlling the spread of infectious diseases within communities.